What is Vascular Disease?

Vascular Disease is a circulatory condition of the arteries, veins, and lymphatic systems. Arteries supply the body’s nutrition by circulating oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the body. Veins bring oxygen-poor blood from the body back to the heart to become oxygen-rich. The lymphatic system is a vital part of our immune system that works together with blood vessels to drain, toxins, waste, and excess fluid from the blood. Arteries may become blocked due to cholesterol and plaque buildup, making it more difficult for the heart to pump blood to the body. Veins may become weakened making it difficult to pump blood back to the heart.

There are several risk factors that may contribute to one's risk of developing some form of vascular disease. Issues related to venous insufficiency, for example, may be caused by a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, or injury. Issues related to circulation may be caused by a diet that includes too much fat or sugar. Dietary habits, smoking, weight, and a low activity level can contribute to the formation of tiny plaques in blood vessels. These plaques narrow the arteries and make it more difficult for blood to flow from the heart or back to the heart. If you have a family history of vascular disease, you may have a higher risk of developing a condition affecting your circulation.

Each type of vascular disease that occurs may have unique symptoms. It is important to know what feels normal for your body and what does not. Should changes occur, such as a sensation of heaviness in the legs or an arm, chronic pelvic cramping, or visible varicose veins, you should schedule a visit with your primary care physician or a vascular specialist.

Some vascular conditions present risks to your health and well-being and others are relatively benign. For example, spider veins are a type of vascular disease that occur when valves in some tiny veins stop working. Spider veins don't look very good but they also don't threaten your health. Deep vein thrombosis is another type of vascular disease. This condition is much more concerning because it is a blood clot in a deep vein in the leg. The clot could break loose and travel to the lungs or another organ, potentially causing severe problems. When you visit a vascular specialist for symptoms pertaining to your vascular system, you can learn everything that you need to know about your symptoms, condition, and how your health can be protected with appropriate care.

Because vascular disease occurs within the cardiovascular system, heart-healthy habits are the best way to reduce your risk for any vascular condition. Experts recommend avoiding foods that are high in trans fat and saturated fats and consuming an abundance of fresh fruits and vegetables, particularly those that are low in sugar and high in fiber. An active lifestyle is also strongly recommended for optimal vascular health. This doesn't mean that you must work out every day or engage in strenuous physical activity. Walking for at least 30 minutes at least four days a week provides an adequate amount of activity to support good health. If your job is sedentary, it is also beneficial to create habits that get you up and out of your seat several times a day. Walking for five minutes every hour to hour-and-a-half provides pumping action in the calf muscles, which helps move blood out of the lower legs and back toward the heart.

Several treatments have been developed to address the variety of vascular diseases that may occur. Varicose and spider veins can be treated using injections or laser or light therapy. Erectile dysfunction may be treated using acoustic sound wave therapy. Some vascular conditions may require medication such as blood thinners, while others may require surgical intervention.